地被菊地栽抗旱性试验研究

[目的]为地被菊的推广提供科学依据。[方法]以4个地被菊品种(铺地雪、落金钱、紫勋章、新红)和早小菊(CK)为材料,抗旱性试验在防雨棚内进行,各品种采取随机区组排列,缓苗成活后,整个生长周期进行控水试验,记录各品种的生长发育状况,比较它们的耐旱能力。[结果]在地栽控水的条件下,地被菊的株高、冠幅的增长率是逐渐降低的。4个地被菊品种的冠幅增长率、分枝能力、花朵数量、地上、地下部干物质量均大于对照早小菊。根冠比大小依次为:新红>落金钱>紫勋章>铺地雪>早小菊。在整个生育周期没有灌溉的条件下,地被菊植株仍然生长健壮且开花繁茂。[结论]新红、落金钱和紫勋章地被菊品种抗旱性表现最好。     

山地土壤养分及其对酿酒葡萄生长发育的影响

对陕西省耀县山地不同海拔高度三个酿酒葡萄园0￣60cm土层土壤的养分及葡萄生长发育进行了研究。结果表明:各葡萄园土壤pH均在8.0左右,属石灰性土壤;土壤有机质和N、P、K等大量元素含量偏低,各种微量元素除了有效B含量很低以外,其它元素含量均丰富。植株生长量以海拔最低的葡萄园大于其它两地。果实糖酸比随海拔升高而降低,总酚和单宁含量以海拔居中处的最高。     

几种杀虫剂对小菜蛾防治效果比较

通过调查死亡数这项指标比较了3种杀虫剂对蔬菜小菜蛾的田间药效,试验结果表明:4000×的1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油对小菜蛾的防治效果最好,其次是1.8%阿维菌素乳油,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊脂微乳剂防治效果较差。     

Reaction of Oilseed Rape Cultivars to Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Field Environments

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, as an ubiquitous phytopathogenic Ascomycete fungus capable of infecting a wide range of plants, has increased in importance for oilseed rape production worldwide in recent years. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of two measurements of disease rating in predicting the field reaction of cultivars to sclerotinia stem rot. One hundred and ten cultivars or lines of oilseed rape were repeatedly evaluated the disease severity index (DSI) and lesion length for their resistance to nine isolates of S. sclerotiorum in two field stations.There were greatly significant differences between two stations, among isolates, among population of cultivars for the disease severity index and lesion length, and also significant station×isolate interaction for lesion length and population×isolate interactions for DSI and lesion length, but interactions of station×isolate for DSI were not significant.Cultivars such as Pomorzanin and Lisek consistently had the lowest disease severity ratings in the field tests. However,most of cultivars were susceptible to sclerotinia stem rot in the field test. A positive correlation between the mean DSI and lesion length was found for both isolates (Sc23 and B1). The correlations ranged from 0.23 to 0.83 at various plots, with nine of the twelve correlations significant. The correlations for disease caused by different fungal isolates were statistically significant difference. These correlations ranged from -0.44 to 0.90, with nine of the thirty-two correlations significant. It indicated that resistance to some isolates was significantly correlated and selection of some varieties for resistance to one isolate appeared to improve resistance to other isolates.     

对应用土测值直接推荐磷肥用量方法的田间校验

田间试验得出:玉米施用磷肥最大效益与最高产量用量同土壤有效磷测得值的两个函数方程及其代表吉林省有效磷含量不同土壤的磷肥最大效益与最高产量推荐量;通过土壤有效磷含量不同(2.1～81.2mg/kg)的白浆土、黑土和淡黑钙土,74个磷肥量级田间校验得出,玉米施用磷肥最大效益与最高产量用量及其变幅(0～109.5 kg/hm2与10.1～125 kg/hm2);通过上述两项结果运算得出,"应用土测值直接推荐磷肥最佳用量法"的准确程度(田间校验获得的实际量与推荐量的吻合率高达92%)和精度(田间校验获得的实际量与推荐量的差值仅仅为-14.7%～15.3%与-13.1%～13.9%)均较高。     

山东茶山植物群落结构及物种多样性

茶山地处鲁东南地区,为全面了解其植物群落结构及物种多样性,2006年7月和10月对茶山植物群落结构及物种多样性进行野外调查,记录到高等植物352种,隶属90科250属,获得标准样方11个,面积6 600 m2。样方数据显示,该区域乔木种类匮乏,乔木层平均物种数2.55,Shannon-Wiener指数平均值0.48;灌木层平均物种数10.55,Shannon-Wiener指数平均值1.68。该区域受人为干扰影响显著,正处于群落演替早期,物种多样性偏低。     

高肥地小麦再高产综合农艺措施初探

采用五因素二次正交旋转组合设计试验方法,在高肥地对优良小麦新品种临麦2号的主要栽培措施基施纯N量、追施纯N量、P2O5、K2O及基本苗等与小麦产量间的量化关系进行系统研究,通过对建立的产量数学模型的优化与解析,明确了影响高肥地小麦产量的关键因子及实现高产高效优化栽培的综合农艺措施。结果表明,该五因素与其密切相关,增施氮磷肥是实现临麦2号优化栽培的关键,增施磷肥更益于氮肥肥效的发挥,实现优质小麦新品种临麦2号高产高效优化栽培的综合农艺措施是:每公顷基本苗181.8万￣229.2万,基施纯氮量121.95￣141.3kg,P2O5195kg,K2O33.75￣60.75kg,小麦起身期结合浇水追施纯氮71.7￣83.7kg。     

Is it economically feasible to harvest by management zone?

The economics of harvesting wheat based on input management zones in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia was studied using a simulated field of regular dimensions with varying zone sizes and layouts. Fertilizer application rates and crop yield and quality data from field trials of input management were used to estimate the gross crop revenue and harvesting costs from the different field layouts and zone combinations. As a general observation there was no consistency in the results; harvesting by zone generated more gross income in some combinations of field layout and yield quantity scenarios, but not in others. However, there were key factors in determining whether it was profitable to harvest by zone. These were prior knowledge of the potential yield and quality characteristics of grain from each zone in a field, and the layout of zones within a field.     

25%高氯·辛微乳剂防治棉铃虫、菜青虫试验

田间试验结果表明 ,2 5%高氯·辛微乳剂对棉铃虫和菜青虫具有较好的防治效果。用 10 0 0～ 150 0倍液防治棉铃虫 ,药后 5d防效和保蕾效果分别达 79%和 74 %以上 ;用 10 0 0～ 2 0 0 0倍液防治菜青虫 ,药后 7d防效达 94 %以上。与氯氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯的防效相当 ,优于常规农药辛硫磷。     

施肥对白背飞虱田间种群和水稻产量的影响研究

本文分析了氮、磷、钾化肥及农家肥对白背飞虱田间种群和水稻产量的影响.结果表明:氮素化肥是影响白背飞虱田间种群数量变动的主导因素,磷肥对白背飞虱的发生亦有一定的推动作用,农家肥和钾肥对白背飞虱有微弱的抑制作用.多施氮素化肥,即使配合施用较多的其它肥料,也不能减少田间虫口密度.较多的农家肥配合少量的氮素化肥,既可以减少白背飞虱田间发生量,又有利于提高水稻产量.